Adaptation Strategies of Red Chili Farming in Response to Climate Change to Sustain Farm Income

Strategi Adaptasi Usahatani Cabai Merah dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim untuk Mempertahankan Pendapatan

Abstract

Climate change has become a major challenge for red chili farmers, altering seasonal patterns, increasing pest and disease attacks, and affecting farm income. This study aimed to analyze farmers' perceptions of climate change, identify economic constraints, and examine adaptation strategies used to maintain farm income. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed in Tanjung Lor Village, Paiton District, Probolinggo Regency, East Java. Three red chili farmers were selected through purposive sampling as main informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model with source triangulation to ensure validity. The findings indicate that farmers perceive climate change as increasingly unpredictable seasonal and weather patterns. The main economic constraints include rising production costs, limited capital, crop failure risks, and unstable chili prices. Farmers have implemented various adaptation strategies to reduce climate-related risks and sustain farm income. These include technical measures such as adjusting planting schedules and using pest-resistant varieties, as well as economic strategies such as diversifying crops and seeking market information. The findings highlight the importance of combining technical and economic adaptation strategies to support the sustainability of red chili farming under changing climate conditions.